IX M SAI MUST DO SERIES-002

IX SAI MATHS MUST DO SERIES - 001

IX B SAI: IMPROVEMENT IN FOOD RESOURCES 2

Q1.     (a)List three factors on which cultivation practices and crop yield depends.

Ans: Biotic and abiotic resistance, change in maturity duration, wider adaptability.

(b) Name three stages involved in farming practices.  

Ans: Crop variety improvement, crop production improvement, crop protection management.         

Q2.  Define ‘Hybridisation’. Explain the three types of cross-breeding practiced during hybridisation?
Ans: Hybridisation is way of crossing between genetically dissimilar plants. 

a. Intervarietal Hybridization: way of crossing among different varieties

b. Interspecific Hybridization:  way of crossing between different species

c. Intergeneric Hybridization: way of crossing between different genera

Q3.     (i) What is meant by genetically modified crops? 

Ans: Genetically Modified Crops (GMC): Another way of improving the crop is by introducing a gene that would provide the desired characteristic.

(ii) What are the desired agronomic characters for fodder and cereal crops? 

(ii) Fodder – profuse branching, cereal – dwarfness 

(iii) In your opinion what should be done so that the modern agriculture technology

is adopted by most of the farmers ? 

Ans: By encouraging scientific temper, awareness and ensuring adequate insurance against failure of crop, buy-back arrangement, scientific support by agricultural scientists and live TV channel to update farmers about latest happenings.

Q4.     What is hormonal stimulation in fish and how is it done in fish? 

Ans: Hormonal stimulation of fishes is done to mature sex cells artificially. Hormones and methods used for stimulation slightly vary for different species of fishes. Hormone that could be used for stimulation is FSH (Follicle Stimulating Hormone) or Luteinizing hormone (LH) that trigger ovulation.

Q5.     What do you mean by the term sustainable development?

Sustainable development means to meet the needs of present generation, without endangering the availability of resources for future generation, to keep balance between development and environment.

Q6.     Define ‘Rain water Harvesting’ and ‘Water shed management’ and state one advantage of each.

Ans: Rainwater harvesting: It is a technique used for collecting, storing and using rainwater which otherwise flows into drains and damages roads. The rainwater is collected from various hard surfaces such as roof tops and/or other man made aboveground hard surfaces. 

It not only raise water table but also prevents logging of water which eventually turns into mosquito breeding havens.

Watershed management:  The management of water resources in a certain area. It is done to increase the utility of rainwater by building small check-dams. The check-dams stop the rainwater from flowing away

It prevents erosion of soil, raise water table thus reduces cost of energy for pumping water back to the desired field.

IX SAI IMPROVEMENT OF FOOD RESOURCES: QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

Q1.      What is organic farming? List its four advantages.

Organic farming is a farming system with NO or  MINIMUM  USE OF CHEMICALS  as fertilizers, herbicides, pesticides etc with a maximum input of organic manures.

Advantages:-

(a) Farm wastes (straw and livestock excreta) are recycled.

(b) Bio agents such as culture of blue green algae are used in the preparation of bio fertilizers.

(c)  Neem leaves or turmeric is used as a bio pesticide in storage of grains. 

(d) Various cropping systems such as mixed cropping, inter cropping and crop rotation are beneficial in controlling insect, pest and weed and in utilizing available nutrients.

(e) Promotes growth of useful microorganism and earthworms. Don’t harm ecosystem.

Some Important Terms:

[Herbicides]: A substance that is toxic to plants, used to destroy unwanted vegetation.

[Pesticides]: A substance used for destroying insects or other organisms harmful to cultivated plants or to animals.

[Weedicides]: A chemical weed killer.

[Fertilizer]: A chemical substance [nutrient] in the form of NPK compound added to soil or land to to supply one or more plant nutrients essential to the growth of plants thus increasing its fertility

[Bio fertilizer]: A substance which contains living microorganisms which, when applied to seed, plant surfaces, or soil, promotes growth by increasing the supply or availability of primary nutrients to the host plant

Q2.      Mention two climatic conditions essential for different crops for growth and completion of their life cycle.

Ans: Temperature, rain and photoperiods.

Q3.      Explain the meaning of ‘milch’ and ‘draught animals. Mention the scientific name of common Indian cow and buffalo.

Ans:  Milk-producing females are called milch animals (dairy animals) like buffalow, cow, goat etc. while the animals used for farm labour are called draught animals like ox, donkey, camel.
The scientific name of common Indian cow and buffalow are Bos indicus , Bos bubalis respectively

Q4.      In what ways internal parasites like worms and flukes and external parasites cause harm to the cattle’s.

Ans: ; Internal parasites - Worms – affect stomach and intestine, Flukes – damage liver; External parasite – Skin diseases

Q5.      (a) Differentiate between mixed cropping and inter-cropping. Give one example of each. 

(b) How is crop-rotation different from the above two? 

(c) Mention the factors that are taken into consideration for deciding choice of crops for inter-cropping and crop rotation. Also mention one advantage of each of these cropping patterns. 

Ans: (a) In mixed cropping two or more crops are grown simultaneously on the same piece of land.  For eg wheat and gram, sunflower and mustard.

Inter - cropping - two or more crops are grown simultaneously on the same field in a definite pattern.  For eg, soyabean +maize.

(b) In crop rotation different crops are grown on a piece of land in a pre-planned succession.  Depending upon duration of crop, rotation is done for different crop combination.
(c) Inter- Cropping - crops are selected such that their nutrient requirements are different. .

Advantage:

Mixed Croping – insurance against failure of one of the crop.

Inter cropping - This ensures maximum utilization of the nutrients supplied and prevents pests and diseases from spreading to all plants - thus better returns

Crop - rotation - Availability of moisture and irrigation facilities. Two or more crops can be grown in a year with good harvest

Q6.      Farmer A wants to grow fodder crops while farmer B wants to grow cereals. Mention the agronomic characteristics which the two farmer would desire in their respective crops.          
Ans: (a) For fodder crop – Tallness and profuse branching and Cereal crop – Dwarfness

Q7.      List any four other factors for which variety improvement is done.

Ans: Higher yield, improved quality, biotic and abiotic resistance, shortening in maturity duration, wider adaptability.

Q8.      Name and define the process of incorporating desirable characteristics into crops.
Ans: Hybridization. : It is the process of crossing between genetically dissimilar plants by transferring desired gene.

Q9.      (a)List three factors on which cultivation practices and crop yield depends.

Ans: Biotic and abiotic resistance, change in maturity duration, wider adaptability.

(b) Name three stages involved in farming practices.  

Ans: Crop variety improvement, crop production improvement, crop protection management.